Practice Areas
Tailored Legal Solutions: Explore Our Practice Areas
At Basilica Law Firm, we understand that life is full of legal challenges, and navigating them requires expertise, dedication, and compassion. Our practice areas cover a wide range of legal needs, from family matters to corporate affairs, criminal defense to intellectual property protection. With a commitment to excellence and a client-centered approach, we provide comprehensive legal solutions tailored to meet the unique needs and objectives of each individual, business, or organization we serve. Discover how our experienced attorneys can help you navigate life’s legal landscapes with confidence and peace of mind.
Your Path to Legal Solutions Starts Here
Explore Our Diverse Practice Areas for Comprehensive Legal Support
Family Law
Divorce is a legal process that dissolves the marital bond between spouses. Our family law attorneys provide compassionate guidance and representation to clients seeking divorce, helping them navigate issues such as asset division, spousal support, and child custody arrangements.
Child custody refers to the legal and physical guardianship of children following a divorce or separation. Our legal team works diligently to protect the best interests of the children involved, advocating for fair and practical custody arrangements that prioritize their well-being and development.
Alimony, also known as maintenance, is financial support provided by one spouse to the other following a divorce. Our family law attorneys assist clients in negotiating and securing fair alimony agreements, taking into account factors such as the duration of the marriage, each spouse’s financial situation, and their respective contributions to the marriage.
Adoption is a legal process through which individuals or couples become the legal parents of a child who is not biologically their own. Our legal team guides clients through the complexities of adoption proceedings, ensuring compliance with all legal requirements and facilitating the transition to a new family dynamic.
Domestic violence encompasses a range of abusive behaviors, including physical, emotional, and financial abuse, perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. Our family law attorneys provide comprehensive legal assistance to victims of domestic violence, helping them obtain protective orders, secure safe housing, and navigate the legal system to ensure their safety and well-being.
Corporate Law
Setting up a business in India involves navigating a myriad of legal requirements and procedures. Our expert corporate law team simplifies the incorporation process, guiding you through each step with precision and efficiency. From choosing the right business structure to drafting essential documents and obtaining necessary licenses, we ensure a smooth and hassle-free incorporation experience.
Strong corporate governance practices are essential for maintaining transparency, accountability, and integrity within your organization. At Basilia Law Firm, we help businesses establish robust governance frameworks tailored to their unique needs and objectives. From drafting corporate policies and procedures to conducting board meetings and compliance audits, we empower our clients to uphold the highest standards of corporate governance.
Mergers, acquisitions, and corporate restructuring transactions require careful planning, meticulous due diligence, and skilled negotiation. Our seasoned corporate law attorneys have extensive experience advising clients on all aspects of M&A transactions, from structuring deals and drafting agreements to navigating regulatory approvals. Whether you’re considering a merger, acquisition, or divestiture, trust us to protect your interests and maximize value for your business.
Contracts are the foundation of business relationships, and poorly drafted agreements can lead to costly disputes and legal challenges. Our meticulous attention to detail and deep understanding of contract law ensure that your agreements are carefully crafted to protect your interests and mitigate risks. Whether you need assistance drafting new contracts or reviewing existing ones, our expert team is here to provide comprehensive legal support tailored to your specific needs.
Staying compliant with the ever-evolving regulatory landscape is essential for mitigating legal risks and maintaining the reputation and stability of your business. Our dedicated corporate law team helps clients navigate complex regulatory requirements across various industries, ensuring full compliance with applicable laws and regulations. From conducting compliance assessments to developing tailored compliance programs, we provide proactive guidance to keep your business on the right side of the law.
Criminal Law
Facing criminal charges can be overwhelming, but you don’t have to navigate the legal system alone. Our experienced criminal defense attorneys are here to provide you with the strong and strategic representation you need to protect your rights and freedoms. From minor infractions to serious felonies, we have the knowledge, skills, and dedication to defend your interests at every stage of the legal process.
If you or a loved one has been arrested, securing bail is often the first step towards regaining freedom and preparing a strong defense. Our legal team specializes in navigating the complexities of the bail process, whether it’s securing regular bail after arrest or anticipatory bail to preempt arrest. We work swiftly and diligently to present your case in the most favorable light, increasing your chances of securing bail and returning home to your family.
The criminal justice system can be daunting, but our seasoned trial attorneys are here to guide you through every step of the trial process. From case preparation and witness testimony to cross-examination and closing arguments, we leave no stone unturned in our pursuit of justice on your behalf. And if the verdict doesn’t go your way, our appellate lawyers are ready to file appeals and fight for your rights in higher courts.
Accusations of white-collar crimes such as fraud, embezzlement, or insider trading can have serious repercussions for your reputation and future. Our white-collar crime defense team has extensive experience representing individuals and corporate clients in complex financial crime cases. We work tirelessly to protect your interests, meticulously examining the evidence and crafting a robust defense strategy to achieve the best possible outcome for your case.
With the rise of technology, cybercrimes have become increasingly prevalent, and the legal landscape surrounding them is constantly evolving. Whether you’re facing charges related to hacking, identity theft, online fraud, or cyberbullying, our cybercrime defense attorneys have the expertise and resources to mount a strong defense on your behalf. We stay abreast of the latest developments in cybercrime law and leverage our knowledge to protect your rights in an ever-changing digital world.
Civil Litigation
Have you found yourself in a contractual disagreement, unsure of your rights and obligations? Our experienced team at Basilia Law Firm specializes in resolving contractual disputes swiftly and effectively. Whether it’s breach of contract, non-performance, or interpretation issues, we provide strategic guidance and assertive representation to protect your interests and achieve a favorable resolution.
Property disputes can be complex and emotionally draining, but you don’t have to face them alone. At Basilia Law Firm, our skilled litigators have a proven track record of successfully handling property disputes of all kinds, including boundary disputes, title issues, and landlord-tenant conflicts. We’ll work tirelessly to protect your property rights and secure a positive outcome for your case.
Are you struggling to recover debts owed to you or your business? Let Basilia Law Firm take the burden off your shoulders. Our debt recovery specialists have the knowledge and resources to pursue debtors aggressively while adhering to the highest ethical standards. Whether through negotiation, mediation, or litigation, we’ll pursue every available avenue to recover what you’re owed and ensure that justice is served.
If you’ve been wrongfully harmed due to someone else’s negligence or intentional wrongdoing, you may be entitled to compensation for your injuries and losses. Basilia Law Firm is here to help you seek justice and hold responsible parties accountable for their actions. Our dedicated team of litigators will meticulously investigate your case, build a strong legal strategy, and fight tirelessly to secure the maximum compensation you deserve.
Landlord-tenant disputes can quickly escalate into contentious legal battles, but they don’t have to. With Basilia Law Firm by your side, you can navigate these challenges with confidence. Whether you’re a landlord facing non-payment of rent or a tenant dealing with habitability issues, our experienced attorneys will work tirelessly to protect your rights and resolve the dispute in a fair and efficient manner.
Intellectual Property Law
Secure your innovations and inventions with our expert patent registration and protection services. Our experienced attorneys will guide you through the patent application process, ensuring that your intellectual property rights are safeguarded and legally protected. From conducting patent searches to drafting patent specifications and prosecuting patent applications, we offer comprehensive support at every step of the way.
Protect your brand identity and reputation with our trademark registration and enforcement services. Whether you’re launching a new product or expanding your business, our team will help you navigate the intricacies of trademark law to ensure that your trademarks are properly registered and defended against infringement. From conducting trademark searches to filing trademark applications and enforcing your rights against unauthorized use, we provide strategic advice and representation to protect your valuable trademarks.
Safeguard your creative works and literary creations with our copyright protection services. Whether you’re an author, artist, musician, or software developer, our attorneys will assist you in registering your copyrights and enforcing your rights against infringement. From drafting copyright assignments and licenses to representing you in copyright infringement disputes, we offer tailored solutions to protect your intellectual property and maximize its value.
Protect your confidential business information and trade secrets with our trade secret protection services. Our attorneys will work with you to develop comprehensive strategies to safeguard your proprietary information from misappropriation and unauthorized disclosure. From drafting non-disclosure agreements to implementing internal security measures and litigating trade secret disputes, we offer proactive solutions to protect your competitive advantage and preserve the confidentiality of your valuable trade secrets.
Monetize your intellectual property assets and maximize their value through our licensing agreement services. Whether you’re looking to license your patents, trademarks, copyrights, or trade secrets, our attorneys will negotiate and draft customized licensing agreements tailored to your specific needs and objectives. From structuring royalty payments to addressing exclusivity provisions and enforcing compliance with licensing terms, we provide strategic advice and representation to help you leverage your intellectual property assets for commercial success.
Real Estate Law
Purchasing or selling property can be a significant milestone in life, but navigating the legal intricacies involved can be daunting. Basilia Law Firm simplifies this process by providing expert guidance from start to finish. Our team ensures that every aspect of the transaction is handled with meticulous attention to detail, protecting your interests and minimizing risks. Whether you’re buying your dream home or selling a commercial property, trust us to facilitate a smooth and successful transaction.
Leasing property, whether residential or commercial, requires careful consideration of legal rights and obligations. Basilia Law Firm assists landlords and tenants in drafting comprehensive lease agreements that clearly outline the terms and conditions of the lease, thereby preventing potential disputes down the line. Our goal is to ensure that your lease agreement is fair, enforceable, and provides clarity for all parties involved.
Land use and zoning regulations can have a significant impact on property development and investment. Basilia Law Firm helps clients navigate these complex regulations, ensuring compliance with local zoning laws and regulations. Whether you’re planning a residential development, commercial project, or industrial facility, our legal experts provide strategic advice and representation to help you achieve your objectives while minimizing regulatory hurdles.
Title disputes can arise unexpectedly and jeopardize your property rights. Basilia Law Firm offers proactive legal assistance to resolve title disputes efficiently and effectively. Our experienced attorneys conduct thorough title searches, identify potential issues, and work diligently to resolve disputes through negotiation, mediation, or litigation if necessary. With our expertise by your side, you can rest assured that your property rights are protected.
Property development projects require careful planning, coordination, and legal expertise to ensure success. Basilia Law Firm partners with developers, investors, and other stakeholders to navigate the complexities of property development. From land acquisition and zoning approvals to construction contracts and regulatory compliance, our legal team provides comprehensive support at every stage of the development process. With our guidance, your property development project will proceed smoothly and achieve its full potential.
Banking and Finance Law
Our expert team at Basilia Law Firm assists clients in navigating the complexities of loan documentation with precision and efficiency. Whether you’re a borrower or a lender, we ensure that all legal documents are drafted, reviewed, and negotiated to protect your interests and mitigate risks. From loan agreements to security documents, we provide comprehensive legal support to facilitate smooth transactions and secure favorable terms.
Facing financial challenges can be daunting, but with Basilia Law Firm by your side, you can navigate debt restructuring with confidence. Our experienced attorneys specialize in developing customized debt restructuring strategies tailored to your unique circumstances. Whether you’re restructuring corporate debt or personal liabilities, we work tirelessly to negotiate favorable terms, alleviate financial burdens, and pave the way for a brighter financial future.
Compliance with securities laws is crucial for businesses seeking to raise capital or engage in securities transactions. At Basilia Law Firm, we provide comprehensive legal guidance to ensure that our clients comply with regulatory requirements and navigate the complexities of securities law with ease. From initial public offerings (IPOs) to private placements, we assist clients in structuring securities offerings, preparing disclosure documents, and navigating regulatory filings to achieve compliance and minimize legal risks.
Banking regulations are constantly evolving, presenting challenges and opportunities for financial institutions and businesses operating in the banking sector. At Basilia Law Firm, our knowledgeable attorneys stay abreast of regulatory developments and provide proactive legal counsel to help our clients navigate the intricacies of banking regulations. Whether you’re a bank, financial institution, or corporate entity, we offer strategic advice and regulatory compliance solutions to ensure that you operate in full compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
When debts go unpaid or businesses face insolvency, swift and decisive action is crucial to protect creditors’ rights and maximize recovery. Basilia Law Firm specializes in debt recovery and insolvency proceedings, offering aggressive representation to creditors seeking to recover outstanding debts. From demand letters to litigation and enforcement proceedings, we leverage our expertise and resources to pursue debtors and secure favorable outcomes for our clients.
Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
When disputes arise, arbitration provides a faster, more cost-effective alternative to traditional litigation. Our skilled arbitrators facilitate fair and impartial proceedings, guiding parties towards mutually acceptable resolutions without the need for lengthy court battles. With our expertise in arbitration, we help clients navigate complex disputes with confidence and efficiency.
Mediation offers a collaborative approach to conflict resolution, allowing parties to explore creative solutions and preserve relationships. Our experienced mediators facilitate constructive dialogue, helping clients find common ground and reach agreements that address their interests and concerns. Whether it’s a business dispute, family conflict, or other legal matter, we provide a supportive environment for productive negotiations and sustainable outcomes.
Conciliation is a proactive method of dispute resolution aimed at resolving conflicts amicably and avoiding escalation. Our skilled conciliators act as impartial facilitators, helping parties communicate effectively and identify mutually beneficial solutions. With a focus on preserving relationships and fostering understanding, we guide clients through the conciliation process with empathy and professionalism, empowering them to move forward with confidence and peace of mind.
In cases where arbitration awards are challenged or disputed, our firm provides strategic representation in arbitration appeals. Our seasoned appellate attorneys have a deep understanding of arbitration law and procedure, allowing us to effectively advocate for our clients’ rights and interests in appellate proceedings. With a track record of success in arbitration appeals, we offer clients the confidence and reassurance they need to navigate the complexities of the appellate process.
In an increasingly globalized world, international arbitration offers a forum for resolving cross-border disputes efficiently and effectively. Our firm specializes in international arbitration, offering comprehensive legal services to clients involved in international commercial disputes, investment disputes, and other cross-border conflicts. With our extensive experience in international arbitration proceedings, we help clients navigate complex legal issues across jurisdictions, ensuring fair and equitable resolutions that uphold their rights and interests.
Tax Law
Our expert tax attorneys specialize in crafting strategic tax plans tailored to your unique financial situation. Whether you’re an individual, business, or multinational corporation, we offer proactive tax planning solutions to minimize your tax liabilities while maximizing your financial objectives. From structuring investments to optimizing deductions, trust us to navigate the complexities of tax laws and help you achieve your financial goals efficiently.
When faced with tax disputes or litigation, you need a legal team that is skilled in navigating the intricacies of tax laws and advocating fiercely on your behalf. Our experienced tax litigators are well-versed in handling a wide range of tax controversies, including disputes with tax authorities, assessments, audits, and appeals. With a track record of success in resolving complex tax disputes, we are committed to protecting your rights and achieving favorable outcomes for your case.
As businesses navigate the ever-changing landscape of tax laws and regulations, our firm provides comprehensive corporate taxation services to ensure compliance and optimize tax efficiency. Whether you’re a startup, SME, or multinational corporation, our tax experts offer strategic advice on tax planning, structuring transactions, and mitigating tax risks. From corporate reorganizations to cross-border transactions, we help businesses navigate the complexities of corporate taxation with confidence.
With globalization comes the need for specialized expertise in international taxation. Our international tax lawyers are well-equipped to assist clients with cross-border tax planning, transfer pricing, foreign tax credits, and compliance with international tax treaties. Whether you’re expanding your business overseas or dealing with international tax issues, we provide strategic guidance to minimize tax exposure and ensure compliance with complex international tax laws.
The introduction of GST has brought significant changes to India’s tax landscape, affecting businesses of all sizes and industries. Our GST experts offer comprehensive guidance on GST registration, compliance, filing, and audits, helping businesses navigate the intricacies of GST laws with ease. Whether you’re seeking advice on GST implications for transactions or need assistance with GST litigation, we provide practical solutions to meet your GST-related needs.
Labour and Employment Law
Ensure your employment contracts are fair, legally sound, and protect your rights as an employee. Our experienced attorneys can help draft, review, and negotiate employment contracts to ensure clarity and fairness for both employers and employees.
If you’ve experienced discrimination or harassment in the workplace, you have the right to take action. Our dedicated legal team specializes in representing individuals who have faced discrimination based on race, gender, age, disability, or other protected characteristics. We provide compassionate support and strategic advocacy to help you seek justice and hold employers accountable for their actions.
Understand your rights and entitlements when it comes to employee benefits such as health insurance, retirement plans, and paid leave. Whether you’re negotiating a benefits package with your employer or facing issues with benefits administration, our knowledgeable attorneys can provide guidance and representation to ensure you receive the benefits you deserve.
Labour disputes can be complex and contentious, but our skilled legal team is here to help you navigate the process with confidence. Whether you’re facing issues related to wages, working conditions, or union representation, we offer strategic advice and representation to protect your rights and achieve a favorable resolution.
If you’re facing termination or severance negotiations, it’s essential to understand your rights and options. Our experienced employment lawyers can review your situation, advise you on the legal implications, and help you negotiate a fair severance package. We’ll work tirelessly to protect your interests and ensure you receive the compensation you deserve.
Immigration Law
Navigating the complexities of visa applications and renewals can be daunting, especially with ever-changing immigration regulations. At Basilia Law Firm, our immigration specialists are here to streamline the process for you. Whether you’re applying for a work visa, student visa, or tourist visa, we provide personalized guidance to ensure that your application is thorough, accurate, and submitted in a timely manner. Trust us to handle the paperwork and communication with immigration authorities, allowing you to focus on your plans for the future.
Securing a work permit in a foreign country is often a crucial step in pursuing career opportunities abroad. Our immigration attorneys understand the nuances of work permit regulations and can assist you in navigating the application process with confidence. Whether you’re an individual seeking employment or a business looking to sponsor foreign talent, we provide strategic advice and representation to help you achieve your goals. From determining eligibility to preparing the necessary documentation, we’re here to support you every step of the way.
Obtaining citizenship in a new country can be a life-changing milestone, but the application process can be complex and time-consuming. At Basilia Law Firm, our immigration experts have the knowledge and experience to guide you through the citizenship application process with ease. Whether you’re eligible for citizenship through naturalization, marriage, or other means, we’ll ensure that your application is thorough, accurate, and supported by compelling evidence. Let us help you take the final steps towards achieving your dream of citizenship.
Facing a denial or rejection in your immigration application can be disheartening, but it’s not the end of the road. Our immigration attorneys specialize in handling immigration appeals, providing strategic representation to challenge adverse decisions and seek a favorable outcome. Whether you’re appealing a visa refusal, deportation order, or other immigration matter, we’ll work tirelessly to protect your rights and advocate for your interests. With our expertise by your side, you can navigate the appeals process with confidence and hope for a positive resolution.
For individuals fleeing persecution or seeking protection from violence and injustice, applying for refugee or asylum status is a critical lifeline. At Basilia Law Firm, we understand the urgent need for compassionate and effective legal assistance in such circumstances. Our immigration attorneys have extensive experience representing refugees and asylum seekers, guiding them through the complex application process and advocating for their rights before immigration authorities. If you’re in need of refuge and safety, we’re here to help you navigate the asylum process with dignity and respect.
Technology and Data Privacy Law
Navigating the complex landscape of data protection and privacy regulations is essential for businesses operating in today’s digital world. Our team of experts provides comprehensive guidance on compliance with data protection laws, ensuring that your organization meets its legal obligations while safeguarding the privacy rights of individuals.
In an age of increasing cyber threats and attacks, protecting your organization’s digital assets is paramount. Our cybersecurity specialists offer proactive strategies and solutions to mitigate cyber risks, including risk assessments, security audits, incident response planning, and employee training. Trust us to help fortify your defenses and minimize the likelihood of cyber incidents.
The growth of e-commerce presents both opportunities and challenges for businesses. Our attorneys offer strategic advice on navigating the legal complexities of e-commerce, including regulatory compliance, online contracting, consumer protection, intellectual property rights, and dispute resolution. Whether you’re launching an online store or expanding your digital presence, we provide tailored solutions to help you succeed in the digital marketplace.
Technology transactions play a crucial role in driving innovation and growth for businesses. Our legal team assists clients in negotiating and drafting a wide range of technology agreements, including software licenses, technology transfer agreements, SaaS agreements, cloud computing contracts, and IT outsourcing agreements. With our expertise, you can navigate the intricacies of technology transactions with confidence, knowing that your interests are protected.
Innovation is the lifeblood of the digital economy, and protecting intellectual property rights is essential for businesses seeking to capitalize on their innovations. Our attorneys provide strategic counsel on protecting and enforcing intellectual property rights in the digital age, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and domain names. Whether you’re a startup, an established corporation, or an individual inventor, we offer tailored solutions to safeguard your valuable intellectual property assets and maximize their commercial potential.
Insurance Law
Our expert attorneys specialize in drafting and reviewing insurance policies to ensure that they provide comprehensive coverage tailored to your needs. Whether you’re an individual or a business, we meticulously review policy terms and conditions to safeguard your interests and minimize potential disputes.
Dealing with insurance claims can be daunting, especially when faced with delays or denials. Our dedicated legal team is here to guide you through the claims process, advocating for your rights and ensuring that you receive the compensation you deserve. From property damage claims to personal injury claims, we’re committed to maximizing your recovery and easing the burden during challenging times.
Insurance coverage disputes can arise when policyholders and insurers disagree on the extent of coverage for a particular claim. Our experienced attorneys have a proven track record of successfully resolving coverage disputes through negotiation, arbitration, or litigation. We work tirelessly to protect your rights and hold insurance companies accountable for fulfilling their contractual obligations.
Navigating the complex landscape of insurance regulations requires in-depth knowledge and expertise. Our legal team stays abreast of the latest regulatory developments to ensure that your insurance practices comply with applicable laws and regulations. Whether you’re an insurer, reinsurer, or insurance intermediary, we provide strategic guidance to help you navigate regulatory challenges and mitigate compliance risks.
Reinsurance plays a crucial role in spreading risk and ensuring financial stability in the insurance industry. Our firm offers comprehensive reinsurance services, including contract drafting, negotiation, and dispute resolution. Whether you’re a primary insurer or a reinsurer, we provide strategic advice to help you optimize your reinsurance arrangements and protect your bottom line.
Environmental Law
Ensure your business adheres to environmental regulations with our expert guidance. From obtaining permits to navigating complex regulatory frameworks, we help you stay compliant with environmental laws to avoid penalties and legal disputes.
Before embarking on a new project, assess its potential environmental impact with our comprehensive evaluations. Our team conducts thorough assessments to identify and mitigate environmental risks, ensuring sustainable development while minimizing negative effects on the environment.
Combat pollution and protect the environment with our strategic legal counsel. We assist businesses in implementing pollution control measures, obtaining pollution control permits, and addressing regulatory enforcement actions to safeguard the environment and public health.
Effectively manage natural resources while balancing economic development and conservation efforts. Our attorneys provide guidance on sustainable resource utilization, land use planning, conservation initiatives, and negotiating agreements for responsible resource extraction.
When environmental disputes arise, trust our experienced litigators to protect your interests. Whether you’re facing allegations of environmental violations or seeking to enforce environmental laws, we offer vigorous representation in administrative proceedings, civil litigation, and appeals.
Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Law
Navigating the complex regulatory landscape of the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries is essential for compliance and success. Our experienced legal team provides comprehensive guidance on regulatory requirements, ensuring that your operations adhere to all applicable laws and regulations. From licensing and permits to compliance audits and risk assessments, we help you mitigate regulatory risks and maintain a compliant framework.
Obtaining the necessary licenses and permits is crucial for healthcare providers and facilities to operate legally and ethically. Our firm specializes in healthcare licensing, guiding clients through the application process and ensuring compliance with all regulatory requirements. Whether you’re establishing a new healthcare facility or expanding your services, we provide personalized assistance to secure the licenses you need to serve your patients effectively.
Protecting your pharmaceutical innovations is essential for maintaining a competitive edge in the market. Our skilled attorneys specialize in pharmaceutical patent litigation, representing clients in disputes related to patent infringement, validity challenges, and generic drug approvals. With a track record of success in complex intellectual property cases, we work tirelessly to safeguard your valuable pharmaceutical inventions and defend your rights against infringement.
Product liability claims in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries can have significant financial and reputational consequences. Our legal team has extensive experience representing pharmaceutical companies, medical device manufacturers, and healthcare providers in product liability cases. From defective drugs and medical devices to allegations of medical malpractice, we provide strategic defense strategies to protect your interests and minimize liability exposure.
Healthcare fraud and abuse allegations can threaten the reputation and viability of healthcare organizations and professionals. Our firm specializes in healthcare fraud and abuse defense, representing clients facing allegations of fraud, kickbacks, billing errors, and other regulatory violations. With our in-depth knowledge of healthcare laws and regulations, we develop proactive defense strategies to protect your rights and reputation in the face of government investigations and enforcement actions.